They can contribute to significance through their design, materials and workmanship. This would result in an “open joint” that could be disassembled in the future. Caulking of the joints between the sill and the jamb will help reduce further water penetration. Replacing old wood screens A few tricks and some advice on making new wooden window screens; Repairing wood windows Our old windows had broken glass and crumbling putty. After fungicidal and preservative treatment the windows may be stabilized, retained, and restored with every expectation for a long service life. Storm window frames may be made of wood, aluminum, vinyl, or plastic; however, the use of unfinished aluminum storms should be avoided. After noting areas of paint failure, the next step is to inspect the condition of the wood, particularly at the points identified during the paint examination. The dutchman is shaped to fit the beveled end and flat bed, and is oversized a bit. There are several safe and effective techniques for removing paint from wood, depending on the amount of paint to be removed. Energy conservation is no excuse for the wholesale destruction of historic windows which can be made thermally efficient by historically and aesthetically acceptable means. 4 Roofing Almost all problems with old historic windows can be repaired or improved through our restoration process. All the remaining wood is sound. The emphasis is on craftspeople earning a living by doing best work, providing for the needs of the occupants and the building owner, while sustaining local economies.” – “National Window Preservation Standards,” 2013, page 6. They were simply made with new wood lapped onto old wood as shown here, fastened with two wood screws and no adhesive. 7 Terra-Cotta Sash weights may be increased for easier window operation by elderly or handicapped persons. It is necessary to remove the sash and/or the affected parts of the frame and have a carpenter or woodworking mill reproduce the damaged or missing parts. They can easily be taken apart to insert new rails or muntins (cross pieces separating the panes). 15 Concrete Photo: NPS files. Washington, DC: Technical Preservation Services, U.S. Department of the Interior, 1982. The window sash repair described here was part of a larger window preservation and barn repair project at the historic Sabbathday Lake Shaker Village in New Gloucester, ME. The operations just discussed summarize the efforts necessary to restore a window with minor deterioration to "like new" condition. An advantage is that we can now easily take apart the sash for repairs. Finding CraftspeopleWho and where are these creative craftspeople? While it may be expensive for the average historic home owner to pay seventy dollars or more for a mill to grind a custom knife to duplicate four or five bad muntins, that cost becomes negligible on large commercial projects which may have several hundred windows. Step 5. 4. These methods involve replacing the deteriorated parts with new matching pieces, or splicing new wood into existing members. The final glazing compound or putty is applied and beveled to complete the seal. The glazing putty should be checked for cracked, loose, or missing sections which allow water to saturate the wood, especially at the joints. Whole Part Renewal: Remove the broken stile from the sash. Removal of excess layers or peeling and flaking paint will facilitate operation of the window and restore the clarity of the original detailing. With the stop removed, the lower or interior sash may be withdrawn. A wide variety of products are available to assist in this task. The techniques can be applied by an unskilled person with minimal training and experience. And you may even get a known result. Each successive repair class represents an increasing level of difficulty, expense, and work time. Detailed technical advice is provided on their maintenance, repair and thermal upgrading as well as on their restoration. It is necessary to thoroughly investigate the alternatives for windows which do require extensive repairs to arrive at a solution which retains historic significance and is also economically feasible. This historic double-hung window has many layers of paint, some cracked and missing putty, slight separation at the joints, broken sash cords, and one cracked pane. Some blows have hurt more than others. Historic windows have usually acquired many layers of paint over time. Step. If the glass is to be removed, the glazing points which hold the glass in place can be extracted and the panes numbered and removed for cleaning and reuse in the same openings. Moisture which becomes trapped between the layers of glazing can condense on the colder, outer prime window, potentially leading to deterioration. Before undertaking any of the repairs mentioned in the following sections all sources of moisture penetration should be identified and eliminated, and all existing decay fungi destroyed in order to arrest the deterioration process. The sash can be stripped of paint using appropriate techniques, but if any heat treatment is used, the glass should be removed or protected from the sudden temperature change which can cause breakage. This can be a very efficient technique where there are many typical repairs to be done. Reading List 10. Historic wood windows are special compared to your average modern window in that they can be repaired. Step 1. Call us 857-226-0007 to schedule an appointment and get free estimate. Chapters focus on window problems, … Another method of testing for soundness consists of pushing a sharp object into the wood, perpendicular to the surface. Eldon Lindamood worked along with me as an intern craftsman. General Contracting of Historic Barn Restorations, Farmhouse restoration, Drone inspections with professional review of historic building, Metal flashings replacement, Old farmhouse wooden sash window repairs and replacement of windows frames, Old stone house inspections , Church Bell Tower Restoration and Repair, Interior Church Repairs cleaning of soot from incense and candles, Basement … While the repair of old windows may not be one of my favorite jobs, it's not one I dislike -- and that's a good thing, as our home's 50- plus windows were all in need of attention when we bought the place. The surface of the consolidated wood can then be filled with a semirigid epoxy patching compound, sanded and painted. The Restoration and Repair of Historic Stained and Leaded Glass. 31 Mothballing There are many sources of suitable new windows. Trim the cured filler down flush with adjacent surfaces. Broken parts can be remade or whole sashes can be duplicated. Strip the old glazing and … Most windows should not require the extensive repairs discussed in this section. 50 Lightning Protection for Historic Structures. Download this feature article to learn more about restoring and replacing historic wood windows. In addition, it may be advisable to cut a dripline along the underside of the sill. 1 Cleaning and Water-Repellent Treatments 26 Log Buildings Home / How To Advice / Windows / Historic Wood Windows / Repairing wood windows. Dutchman LayoutThe dutchman will lap onto adjacent sound wood. Make an all new stile to match the old exactly in size, shape and function, including mortises and glazing rabbet. The windows on many historic buildings are an important aspect of the architectural character of those buildings. 22 Stucco Before making the decision, here are three things to consider. It may be useful, therefore, to take the following approach to frame repair: Another alternative may be considered if parts replacement is required, and that is sash replacement. 3 Disassemble the SashMost old sash are made with mortise and tenon joints and can be taken apart. reflect period or regional styles or building practices, reflect changes to the building resulting from major periods or events, or. ReassemblyHere I’ve drilled a hole for the wooden peg. Windows are frequently important visual focal points, especially on simple facades such as this mill building. Our wood storms are built with the same old-world craftsmanship as your existing windows. The installation or connection of some frames to the surrounding structure, especially masonry walls, can complicate the work immeasurably, and may even require dismantling of the wall. This would result in “open joints” that could be disassembled in the future. Assess Conditions (see top image)During the window conditions assessment, I noted this broken joint between the meeting rail and the stile of the upper sash and scheduled the sash to be pulled and taken to the shop for repair. The ones which do are usually in buildings which have been abandoned for long periods or have totally lacked maintenance for years. 19 Wooden Shingle Roofs 6 Dangers of Abrasive Cleaning Pieces can be repaired or replaced, and then reassembled. After removing any paint along the seam, the parting bead should be carefully pried out and worked free in the same manner as the interior stop. We believe that the repair and weatherization of existing wooden windows is more practical than most people realize, and that many windows are unfortunately replaced because of a lack of awareness of techniques for evaluation, repair, and weatherization. A whole new stile would have taken 1.5 hours and used $4.00 in materials. 45 Wooden Porches 35 Architectural Investigation Chapters focus on window problems, … are examples of exceptional craftsmanship or design. Their size, placement, proportional relationship to the wall space, style, material, how light … New York: Oxford University Press, 1952. I can chop out up to four mortises with a chisel and mallet in the time it would take to set up my mortising machine. Repairing Old and Historic Windows explores these questions and provides detailed information on how to go about refurbishing windows within current preservation standards. (WindowStandards.org). Brownstone Doors specializes in expertly crafted reproduction of historic doors, entryways and storefronts. It will then be much easier to remove the stop, the parting bead and the sash. You can’t. 13 Steel Windows This occurs because the wood has far better insulating value than the metal, and in addition many historic windows have high ratios of wood to glass, thus reducing the area of highest heat transfer. This repair could be done without disassembling the sash. The staff member found that the frame could be stripped of paint and the sash removed quite easily. Photo: NPS files. The use of sash locks installed on the meeting rail will insure that the sash are kept tightly closed so that the weatherstripping will function more effectively to reduce infiltration. Many windows will show some additional degree of physical deterioration, especially in the vulnerable areas mentioned earlier, but even badly damaged windows can be repaired using simple processes. The repairs discussed in this section involve window frames which may be in very deteriorated condition, possibly requiring removal; therefore, caution is in order. Attaching Weatherstripping Cut bronze strips to just fit the sides of the window frame and the bottom of the window. Some degree of paint removal is also necessary as a first step in the proper surface preparation for subsequent refinishing (if paint color analysis is desired, it should be conducted prior to the onset of the paint removal). If severe deterioration exists in these areas, it will usually be apparent on visual inspection, but other less severely deteriorated areas of the wood may be tested by two traditional methods using a small ice pick. Paint removal should begin on the interior frames, being careful to remove the paint from the interior stop and the parting bead, particularly along the seam where these stops meet the jamb. When such a schedule is completed, it indicates the precise tasks to be performed in the repair of each unit and becomes a part of the specifications. Cleaning old windows, struggling to open or close them, or looking for outdated parts may make you decide replacement will … Glue would limit that flexibility and trap moisture leading to decay. Ferro, Maximillian. When sills or other members exhibit surface weathering they may also be built-up using wood putties or homemade mixtures such as sawdust and resorcinol glue, or whiting and varnish. [6] Windows are an authentic part of a building - they are a character-defining feature. No amount or quality of specification can do it because an Act of Creation cannot be specified. Following the relatively simple repairs, the window is weathertight, like new in appearance, and serviceable for many years to come.Photo: NPS files. The operation of the window (continuous opening and closing over the years and seasonal temperature changes) weakens the joints, causing movement and slight separation. 6.1 Windows a. Sash Windows b. This Brief is based on the issues of significance and repair which are implicit in the standards, but the primary emphasis is on the technical issues of planning for the repair of windows including evaluation of their physical condition, techniques of repair, and design considerations when replacement is necessary. Repair Class I: Routine Maintenance 4. Repairing traditional windows . Wood Storm Windows. Repair Class II: Stabilization 5. A craftsman uses his skill and knowledge of basic materials, wood and epoxy resin, to create something that did not exist before: an effective repair. Step 2. Deterioration of poorly maintained windows usually begins on horizontal surfaces and at joints, where water can collect and saturate the wood. If extensive replacement of parts is necessary and the job becomes prohibitively expensive it may be more practical to purchase new sash which can be installed into the existing frames. When using any technique of building up or patching a flat surface, the finished surface should be sloped slightly to carry water away from the window and not allow it to puddle. One of the most common work items is the replacement of the sash cords with new rope cords or with chains. This technique is especially useful for checking sills where visual access to the underside is restricted. Even though it’s two centuries old, it was still good, so I reused it.The sash was primed, reglazed, painted and put back in the Shaker horse barn. A few calls to local building suppliers may provide a source of appropriate replacement sash, but if not, check with local historical associations, the state historic preservation office, or preservation related magazines and supply catalogs for information. 27 Cast Iron Make a wood dutchman to fit the void and glue it in place. Simpler patterns are easier to repair, while more complex designs—windows with a curved pattern, for example—require more dexterity. 23 Ornamental Plaster 33 Stained and Leaded Glass In the beginning of the eighteenth century single- and double-hung windows were introduced. This is an act of product INSTALLATION. Check building supply firms, local woodworking mills, carpenters, preservation oriented magazines, or catalogs or suppliers of old building materials, for product information. Previous owners had neglected routine upkeep, such … Repairing Old and Historic Windows explores these questions and provides detailed information on how to go about refurbishing windows within current preservation standards. 30 Clay Tile Roofs 32 Accessibility Plan the RepairHere the sash has been deglazed (glass pane removed) and the heavy paint buildup has been removed so I can get a clear view of the damage. In fact, a historic wooden window with a high quality storm window added should thermally outperform a new double-glazed metal window which does not have thermal breaks (insulation between the inner and outer frames intended to break the path of heat flow). This is self-evident for ornamental windows, but it can be equally true for warehouses or factories where the windows may be the most dominant visual element of an otherwise plain building. Each individual piece can be repaired, restored, or replaced quite simply by the homeowner or local tradesman. They can last 200+ years. Some of the web versions of the Preservation Briefs differ somewhat from the printed versions. 40 Ceramic Tile How to make wood window repairs. That said, there are a few ways you can cut down on costs even more: Replace or repair multiple windows at once. Follow along as we repair them. Although such comparisons may focus on specific window types and their details, the ultimate determination of significance should be made within the context of the whole building, wherein the windows are one architectural element. Clem Labine reviews The Window Sash Bible: A Guide to Maintaining and Restoring Old Wood Windows, By Steve Jordan. Oakland, California: City of Oakland Planning Department, 1978 (pp. This guide aims to give a historical context to non-galvanised (pre 1950) metal casement windows and the distinct development of material and form over the years, advice on a best practise maintenance routine, signs of deterioration to look out for and likely restoration and repair techniques when metal windows are in need of intervention. Deteriorated putty should be removed manually, taking care not to damage the wood along the rabbet. This method of fastening is holding up well. The back putty on the interior side of the pane should also be inspected, because it creates a seal which prevents condensation from running down into the joinery. waterproof with two or three applications of boiled linseed oil (applications every 24 hours). Appropriate contemporary weatherstripping should be considered an integral part of the repair process for windows. We proudly craft classic wood storm windows with a modern twist. The pane is then pressed into place and the glazing points are pushed into the wood around the perimeter of the pane. Their design, craftsmanship, or other qualities may make them worthy of preservation. One measure of heat transfer is the U-value, the number of Btu's per hour transferred through a square foot of material. 1, 1973): 5. Many styles of storm windows are available to improve the thermal performance of existing windows. In August and again in September, Central Lutheran’s historic stained-glass windows were damaged. First, is the labor and maintenance required on your old windows worthwhile? As a project planner or designer you select a product, a contractor buys the product and a tradesperson installs the product. However, our … The sash makers knew that the joints needed to flex and move a bit for long-term durability. Restoration $75-150 per window – Remove all old paint and putty, sand smooth, repair wood damage, prime, replace screening with new fiberglass screening, hand paint 2 coats inside and out Rebuild $125-225 per window – Build from rot resistant wood using mortise and tenon joinery, prime, screen with fiberglass screening, paint 2 coats, install on window A graphic or photographic system may be devised to record existing conditions and illustrate the scope of any necessary repairs. Follow the manufacturers' directions and use only on areas which will be painted. Historic windows and doors can often be repaired or upgraded to improve energy efficiency and occupant satisfaction. Assemble the repaired stile onto the sash and peg it in place. No single factor can be disregarded when planning window treatments; for example, attempting to conserve energy by closing up or reducing the size of window openings may result in the use of more energy by increasing electric lighting loads and decreasing passive solar heat gains. 24 Heating, Ventilating, and Cooling The wood was structurally sound but the window had one broken pane, many layers of paint, broken sash cords and inadequate, worn-out weatherstripping. Step. removal and repair of sash (including reglazing where necessary), weatherstripping and reinstallation of the sash, and. This almost invisible treatment will insure proper water runoff, particularly if the bottom of the sill is flat. It presents a methodology for approaching the evaluation and repair of existing windows, and considerations for replacement, from which the professional can develop alternatives and specify appropriate materials and procedures. Window Replacement 8. Defects in Sash Windows c. Repairing Sash Windows d. Yorkshire Sliders e. Casements f. Glazing 6.2 Doors 7.0 INTERIORS 7.1 Staircases 7.2 Plaster 7.3 Floors 7.4 Timber Floors 8.0 FURTHER READING _____ PAGE 4 HOW TO REPAIR HISTORIC BUILDINGS Step 7: A Type 1 weather proof epoxy adhesive is used. Remove Paint with Specialized Tool. Rolled vinyl strips may also be tacked into place in appropriate locations to reduce infiltration. This is old-growth wood. Make the mockups or work samples part of the main contract. The first step in deciding whether to repair or replace your windows is determining the problem. It’s true, the power tools could step up the production rate if there are dozens of dutchmen to do at the same time, but here I used hand work because it is more controlled and less likely to damage the original wood. 34 Composition Ornament In our work we followed this guiding principle from the national Window Preservation Standards: “Window Preservation is maintaining, repairing and upgrading older and historic windows. Window replacement costs are expensive. … 12 Structural Glass Unlike replacement windows where the whole window unit must often be replaced or factory repaired if an issue arises, historic windows can be repaired piecemeal. Although such locks will not always be historically accurate, they will usually be viewed as an acceptable contemporary modification in the interest of improved thermal performance. First, select the skilled, knowledgeable creative craftsperson who knows how to use basic materials to provide known and proven results. The routine maintenance required to upgrade a window to "like new" condition normally includes the following steps: These operations are illustrated for a typical double-hung wooden window, but they may be adapted to other window types and styles as applicable. Only light clamping pressure is needed with this epoxy adhesive system. This can be accomplished by running a utility knife along the length of the seam, breaking the paint bond. Follow through with effective supervision to assure the work matches the samples. 8 Aluminum and Vinyl Siding A little searching should locate a firm which will do the job, and at a reasonable price. Photo: NPS files. Download the PDF The windows on many historic buildings are an important aspect of the architectural character of those buildings. Of course, this can work very well with a factory-made product, like a plastic window going into a new building. fiberglass reinforcement rods in the sound wood to the right extending them through the void of missing wood to the end of the stile on the left. 7 Glue UpHere I’m using two-part epoxy materials as a primer and adhesive system. 7883). Such sash are available as exact custom reproductions, reasonable facsimiles (custom windows with similar profiles), and contemporary wooden sash which are similar in appearance. Historic six-over-six windows--preserved. Wooden windows which are repaired and properly maintained will have greatly extended service lives while contributing to the historic character of the building. "Sealing Leaky Windows." They can damage a building Step 3: Wood peg is tapped out of the joint with a drift pin. The neglect of these routine items can contribute to many common window problems. The wood-epoxy repair method would have taken the same time and used $6.50 in materials. Evaluating the significance of these windows and planning for their repair or replacement can be a complex process involving both objective and subjective considerations. 43 Historic Structure Reports

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